同义替换词汇：
1.individuals,characters, folks 替换(people ,persons)
2: positive, favorable, rosy ( 美好的) ， promising ( 有希望的) ，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good
3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换 bad如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 替换
Eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.
注：用 many, if not most 一定要小心，many 后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用 most, if not all ,替换most.
5: a slice of, quiet a few , several 替换 some
6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替 think (因为是书面语，所以要加 that)
7:affair ,business ,matter 替换 thing
8: shared 代 common
9.reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits )
10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换 more and more( 注意没有 growingly 这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly.
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.
Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything, 或 little or nothing 替换 hardly
13..beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful,
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换 customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换 very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换 sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one"s attention 替换 attract one"s attention.
19.facet,dimension,sphere 代 aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest ,fear
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
22. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth
23.desire 替换 want.
24.pour attention into 替换 pay attention to
25.bear in mind that 替换 remember
26. enjoy, possess 替换 have(注意 process 是过程的意思)
27. interaction 替换 communication
28.frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example 替换 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替换 nearly / almost impossible
媒体类：
1. paparazzi 狗仔队
2. mass media 大众媒体
3. entertainment 娱乐
4. journalism 新闻业
5. journal 期刊
6. the latest news 最新消息
7. exclusive news 独家新闻
8. news agency 新闻社
9. news blockout 新闻封锁
10. news censorship 新闻审查
11. freedom of the press 新闻自由
12. coverage 新闻报道
13. do reportage on … 报导…
14. hit the headlines 上头条
15. issue 出版、发行
16. newsstand 报摊
17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人
18. chief editor 总编
19. editorial 社论
20. newsworthy 值得报道的
21. barometer 晴雨表
22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表
23. live broadcast 直播
24. quiz show 智力竞争节目
25. game show 游戏节目
26. variety show 综合节目
27. talk show 脱口秀
28. sitcom 情景喜剧
29. soap opera 肥皂剧
30. movie star 电影明星
31. movie king 影帝
32. movie queen 影后
33. affair 绯闻
34. celebrity 名人
35. fame 名声
36. rise to fame 声名鹊起
37. fan 粉丝
38. invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私
39. misleading 误导性的
40. cheating 欺骗性的
41. popularity 知名度
42. scandal 丑闻
43. sensational 轰动的
44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的
45. imperative 重要的、必要的
46. audience ratings 收视率
47. propaganda 宣传
48. be abducted by 受…诱导
49. purify one’s soul 净化心灵
50. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中
51. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰
52. meet different tastes 满足不同口味
53. provide somebody with something 给…提供…
54. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚
55. commit crimes 犯罪
56. be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的
57. impressive 给人印象深刻的
58. right to know 知情权
59. in the disguise of … 打着…的幌子
60. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全
工作类：
1. ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的
2. adaptability 适应性
3. adapt oneself to … 使自己适应…
4. prosperity 繁荣
5. be disadvantageous to … 对…不利
6. flow of personnel 人才流动
7. mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制
8. survival of the fittest 适者生存
9. a sense of accomplishment 成就感
10. potentiality 潜能
11. learn to cooperate and compromise 学习合作和妥协
12. be deeply impressed with … 对…印象很深
13. company philosophy 企业文化
14. flexibility 灵活性
15. competitive 竞争激烈的
16. arena 舞台
17. team-work spirit 团队合作精神
18. treasure opportunity 珍惜机会
19. a fat salary 收入颇丰
20. a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系
21. a sense of responsibility 责任感
22. material gains 物质待遇
23. promising future 光明的前途
24. bright prospect 光明的前景
25. a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作
26. turning point 转折点
27. be closely related to … 与…息息相关
28. get advanced in the society 出人头地
29. a decent job 一份体面的工作
30. chance of promotion 升迁机会
31. stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感
32. keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新
33. expand one’s horizon 开阔视野
34. balance work and life 平衡工作和生活
35. from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族
36. shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility 承担起自己的责任
37. upgrade oneself 提升自我
38. a well-paid job 高收入工作
39. creative work 创造性工作
40. stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战
41. realize the value of life 实现人生价值
42. enrich one’s social experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历
43. cultivate one’s independence and toughness 培养自己的独立性和坚韧性
44. seek for personal development 追求个人发展
45. display one’s talent 展示才能
46. a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感
47. promotion提升机会
48. meet one’s personalized needs 满足某人个性化需求
49. define one’s role 确定自己的角色
50. social recognition 社会认可
51. accumulate experience 获取经验
52. inspiring 鼓舞人心的
53. motivation 动机
54. workaholic 工作狂
55. working environment 工作环境
56. work overtime 加班
57. improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力
58. develop one’s talents 培养才智
59. ideal workplace 理想工作场所
60. master interpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能
社会类：
1. urbanization 城市化
2. centralization 集中化
3. imbalance 不平衡
4. in the long run 从长远角度而言
5. infrastructure 基础设施
6. booming 繁荣发展的
7. tertiary industry 第三产业
8. tranquility 宁静
9. revenue 税收
10. commercialization 商业化
11. traffic congestion 交通拥挤
12. water scarcity 水短缺
13. the environmental pollution 环境污染
14. over-industrialization 过度工业化
15. over-crowdedness 过度拥挤
16. unemployment 失业
17. wealth distribution 财富分配
18. social instability 社会动荡
19. urban construction 城市建设
20. population explosion 人口激增
21. a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升
22. drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗
23. offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会
24. a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活
25. stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病
26. high cost of living 高额生活费用
27. pastoral life 田园生活
28. class polarization 阶级两极分化
29. social welfare 社会福利
30. give special care to … 给予…特殊关照
31. urban sprawl 城市扩张
32. convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具
33. better medical services 更好的医疗服务
34. pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力
35. be vulnerable to … 易于患上…
36. melting pot 熔炉
37. on the brink of … 处于…边缘
38. pollutant 污染性物质
39. waste disposal 废物处理
40. put the blame on … 归咎于…
41. be attributable to … 归因为…
42. ways of consumption 消费方式
43. suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失
44. citizen 居民
45. be confronted with… 面临着…
46. breed crimes 滋生犯罪
47. vicious cycle 恶性循环
48. a feasible measure 一种可行的措施
49. give priority to … 优先考虑…
50.city planners 城市规划者
交通类：
1. automobile industry 汽车工业
2. boost the economic development 促进经济发展
3. levy the tax 征税
4. modernization 现代化
5. be viewed as … 被视为是…
6. be concerned about … 对…担忧/关注…
7. pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料
8. luxury 奢侈品
9. chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒
10. fill… with … 使…充斥着
11. popularization of cars 汽车普及
12. lay more emphasis on… 把重心放在…
13. observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则
14. break traffic regulations 违反交通规则
15. get struck in traffic 遇上堵车
16. rush hour 上下班高峰时间
17. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力
18. pedestrian 行人
19. pavement 人行道
20. zebra crossing 斑马线
21. overspeed 超速行驶
22. bottleneck 交通堵塞地区
23. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律
24. impose restrictions on … 对…实施限制
25. short-sighted 目光短浅的
26. non-renewable resources 不可再生资源
27. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
28. a pillar industry 支柱产业
29. make full use of … 充分利用
30. road networks 公路网
31. speed limits 限速
32. enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量
33. pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价
34. promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展
35. traffic engineering 交通运输工程
36. the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量
37. call for … 需要…
38. overcrowded 过度拥挤的
39. violator 违规者
40. headache 令人头痛的事
41. traffic accidents 交通事故
42. head-way 进展
43. conflict with … 与…相冲突
44. major cause 主要原因
45. be replaced by … 被…所取代
46. provide convenience for … 为…提供便利
47. curb… 限制…
48. dilemma 进退两难
49. encourage somebody to do something 鼓励某人去做某事
50.energy-saving 节能的
动物保护类：
1. vivisection 活体解剖
2. perform. experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验
3. test animals 用于实验的动物
4. be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验
5. animal rights 动物权利
6. clinical research 临床研究
7. cruel 残忍的
8. extremist 极端主义者
9. medical research 医学研究
10. origin of species 物种起源
11. alternative method 替代的方法
12. biological diversity 生物多样性
13. natural balance 自然平衡
14. equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡
15. coexistence 共存
16. endangered animals 濒危动物
17. diversity of species 物种多样性
18. shameless 令人羞愧的
19. barbaric 野蛮的
20. live and let live 活着就是与万物共存
21. meaningless 没有意义的
22. dominant species 优势物种
23. laboratory 实验室
24. vaccine 疫苗
25. infringement 践踏
26. right to live 生存权
27. torture 折磨
28. anti-science 反科学的
29. life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病
30. scientific gains 科学成果
31. an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题
32. evolution 进化
33. computer simulation 电脑模拟
34. groundless 没有理由的
35. humane 人道的
36. medical technology 医疗技术
37. anatomy 解剖
38. equal 公平的
39. unreliable 不可信赖的
40.valid 有效的、正当的
语言类：
1. ambiguity 歧义
2. denotation 字面意思
3. connotation 暗含意思
4. impractical 不切实际的
5. intellectual development 智力发展
6. interaction 交流
7. thinking capacity 思考能力
8. universal language 世界语
9. linguistic studies 语言学研究
10. a means of communication 一种交流工具
11. mechanical translation 机械翻译
12. untranslatable 不宜翻译的
13. develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能
14. verbal communication 口头交流
15. grammatical rules 语法规则
16. context 语境
17. core 核心
18. translation 笔译
19. interpretation 口译
20. a complex progress 一个复杂过程
21. cream 精华
22. cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维
23. obscure 晦涩的
24. readability 朗朗上口
25. an unrealistic dream 一个不切实际的梦想
26. comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识
27. communicate with others directly, and freely 与他人直接自由交流
28. face-to-face communication 面对面交流
29. stimulate one’s interest 激发了…的兴趣
30. artificial intelligence 人工智能
31. help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way
帮助孩子更生动，互动地学习一门外语
32. miraculous 令人惊叹的
33. increase efficiency 提高效率
34. easy accessibility 易于操作
35. make astounding advances 突飞猛进
36. enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学手段
37. expertise 专业知识
38. flourishing 繁荣兴旺的
39. speedy communication 快速的交流
40. read between the lines 读懂暗含的意思
41. language acquisition 语言习得
42. term 术语
43. implication 含义
44. be fully aware of… 充分意识到…
45. optimistic 乐观的
46. pessimistic 悲观的
47. drawback 弊端
48. precious gift 宝贵的礼物
49. linguist 语言学家
50. mission impossible 不可能的任务
其它：
存在 come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being
考虑 consider; take into consideration; take into account
考虑到 in consideration of
用尽力气 exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength
开动 initiate; set going
准备…brace for; prepare for
在于 lie in; rest on; rest with
主动 take the initiative
不算 exclusive of; not counting; leaving out
应该得到 deserve; have right to; is worthy of
避免 avoid; shun; get around; circumvent
幻想 fantasy; play of the mind
以此标准来算 by this criterion; by this standard
乍看之下 at first glance
面对 in the face of; in the presence of
以 by means of; by virtue of; by the use of
不惜代价 at all costs
每况愈下 from bad to worse
承受错误造成的后果 in reaping the harvest of his mistakes
取得同意…get the go-ahead to
不择手段 unscrupulously; by hook or by crook
想法与作法 beliefs and practices
内情 ins and outs; turns and twists
关键时刻 the critical moment
虽然 although; notwithstanding; albeit; though
根据 according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with
逃避问题 evade the question
增大 enlarge; extend; aggrandize
澄清 clarify; make clear
赔偿 compensate for; give…as compensation for
实现 carry out; implement; realize; make…come true
假定 suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize
极端的 radical; extreme
极端的措施 drastic measures
剩下的 the rest; the remainder; what is left
换言之 in other words; put another way
结果 result; aftermath; consequence
优点 advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit
简言之 put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell
举例而言 for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite
特别是 an illustration; to cite a concrete case
特别是 especially; more than others; particularly; in particular
既然…now that…; seeing that…
迹象 inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion
缺点 disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness
除去 do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of
缺少 for lack of; for a deficiency of
毕竟 after all; all in all
范围 scope; field; realm
潜力 potential;
行为 conduct; behavior; doings
隔绝 isolate; insulate
分辨出 identify; recognize
不易懂的 elusive; hard to understand
展开 unfold
回馈 feedback
主导的人物 a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person
观点 viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint
正在进行中 is underway
只是一种姿态 is merely a gesture
立场 position; stand; stance
意向 inclination; leaning; intention
特权 privilege; a special right
来自 stem from; come from
一件事的不同说法 alternative statements of fact
交织 intertwine; interweave
好奇心 the eager desire to know; curiosity
尊敬 respect; esteem; think highly of
顽固的 headstrong; obstinate; stubborn
暗淡的 gloomy; dark; dim
巨大的 huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous
探索 explore; fathom
执行 carry out; execute; do
现代 modern times; modern age; contemporary age
偏见 prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection
混乱 chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult
无弹性(僵硬)rigid
无缺点的 flawless; airtight
无药可救 incurable
无法避免的 unavoidable; inevitable
细密的计划 elaborate plan
取消 cancel; annul; abolish
解药 a cure for…; a remedy for;
谜 puzzle; riddle; enigma
机会平等 equality of opportunity
较有影响力的国家 a predominant country
遵守 abide by; conform to; observe; comply with
热情的 passionate; ardent; zealous
模糊的 ambiguous; vague; obscure
影响长远的 far-reaching
失望 despair; loss of hope; without hope
幼稚 childish; childlike; na 飗 e
挑剔的 picky; choosy; fastidious
破坏 destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate
技巧的 skillful; adept; dexterous
警觉的 alert; watchful; on guard; wary of
忍受 bear; put up with; endure; stand
证据 evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony
很容易地 easily; with little problem; with little hindrance
令人惊讶的 amazing; astonishing; astounding
生动的报导 vivid description
争取 compete for; try hard to win
遗产 heritage; legacy; inheritance
保护 protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter
了解 understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on
汇露 reveal; make known; disclose
放大 amplify; magnify; enlarge
动力 impetus; driving force; momentum
自满的 complacent
第一流的 first-rate; excellent
安全处 refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary
强调 emphasize; stress; highlight
短视的决定 short-sighted decision
真正的 genuine; authentic; real
怪异的 eccentric; peculiar; odd
明显的 distinct; clear; explicit; obvious
得到…的注意 capture one’s attention
事事干涉的 meddlesome; interfering
背景 setting; background
假的 fake; false; counterfeit
夸大报导 dramatize
退步 setback
古人 the ancients
古老的 old; ancient; archaeic
逃犯 infringe (on); violate
使害怕 intimidate; frighten
带来生气 enliven
对手 rival
吸引人的 intriguing
旁观者 onlooker
准确地说 to be exact; to be precise; precisely
突然醒悟 it dawned on me that
仔细思考之后 after long deliberation; after careful thought
对比及其相关用词
可互换的 interchangeable
可与…相比 is comparable with (to)
普遍的 prevailing; common; prevalent
是一个对比 is a sharp contrast to
比作 is likened to; is compared to
多样化的 heterogeneous
单一性的 homogeneous
一般而言 in general; generally speaking; by and large
满于现状 be happy with what you are
预测未来 project into the future
另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…
不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of…
评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors
那并非说… that does not mean that…
那有这回事 there is no such thing as
一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is…
由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from
由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist
必须从两方面考虑此问题 this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:
限制 limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check
一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that…
这方法有陷阱 the method had pitfalls:
说服 convince; persuade; cause to believe
具体的 specific; concrete; tangible
刻意的 intentional; on purpose; intended
费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with…
…是此问题的核心…is at the root of the issue
无法估计 is beyond calculation; incalculable
无资格的 disqualified
一些 a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of
无数 innumerable ; countless
许多 plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample
非常多(大)的 tremendous
依序列举 list in sequence
时间词过时的 outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic
短暂的 ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived
不合时宜的 anachronism
可持久的 durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time
一再 time after time ; again and again
初始的 preliminary
前述的 aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former
自古到今 from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages
年轻人 young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult
老式的 old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated
偶尔 from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times
时常 often ; frequently ; repeatedly
永远的 eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life
重整办事优先顺序 reshape priorities
目前 so far ; by far
一次就可完成的事 one-time event
骂 yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove
支持 support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold
谴责 condemn ; express strong disapproval of
错的 mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect
错事 wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior
做相反的 do the reverse of ; do the opposite
归咎 blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame
瓦解 disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts
支持某一方 in favor of ; on the side of
不会犯错的 infallible
意见不和 clashes of opinion
一致的 unanimous ; in complete agreement
不恰当 inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate
批判 criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…
我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that..
我愿意 I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to
有用的 useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive
有意义的 meaningful; fulfilling
他们不愿承认这一点 they have always been reluctant to admit this…
在大家同意下 by common consent of…
否定 deny; withhold; negate
承认 admit; acknowledge; confess; concede
于事无补 of no help; of no avail; no use
使…受益 benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to…
想法 frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking
想出，找出 come up with ; find out
利用 use; take advantage of
夸耀 brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of
照顾 take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over
对…很了解 have a deep knowledge of…
对抗权威 stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority
对…有信心 have confidence in
说清楚 articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter
接受…之美意 embrace the offer of…
累积 amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble
连系 tact; get in touch with; contact with
排除这可能性 rule out the possibility
等于 is equivalent to; equal
选择 choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out
发出 deliver; give out; hand over
绕路 detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way
禁止进入 is kept out; is barred from
小看 make little of
坏了 out of order; on the blink; is not working
分别 distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from
依靠 count on; depend on
忽视 neglect; give too little care to