英语写作同义词替换练习

 第一讲 引发激烈讨论,热门话题,激烈争论,广泛关注 ﻩheated, hot, long—running, controversial, hotly—debated a matter of (global )concern, (burning, pressing, thorny)issue, controversy, subject, focus, topic、 be put on the agenda trigger, spark, arouse intense, fierce, contentious/ debate, discussion, argument arouse people’s wide concern/ / wide public concern/curiosity/attention, make people worried

 bee public focus/ the focus of the society more and more people—--an increasing number of people more and more useful---increasingly useful 人--—事物 More and more people waste —--The growing rate of waste have people calling it an epidemic a lot of --—a considerable number of/ massive/

 different people have different ideas towards it—---people’s ideas towards it differ from one to another、 、,

 views on this issue vary greatly、 try to—attempt to, intend to think – argue, claim , deem , insist if – provided that, assuming that, supposing that 一 写作常用关键词句:

 1.认为,断言:think, believe, argue, hold, contend, state, claim, suppose, advocate, assume, point out, point to, allege, assert

  personally, as for me, as far as I am concerned, for my part 2.许多:a large number of, a large amount of, a considerable number of, a host of, dozens of, scores of, the bulk of, a majority of 大部分得,a minority of 小部分得 3.如今、目前:in contemporary society, nowadays, at present, recently, currently, in recent decades 4.越来越:increasing, growing 5.重要,必要,肯定主导,关键,根本, 意义重大:important, necessary, essential, vital, crucial, influential, overwhelming, primary, overriding, principal,fundamental, elementary, cardinal, significant, indispensable, dominant, key, leading, prominent, decisive, major, gist, crux 关键,症结所在 6.关注、重视、强调、优先考虑、把…放首要位置:highlight, pay attention to, attract…, raise…concern, arouse…

 concern, call for…concern, attach importance to, give priority to, lay emphasis/stress on

 7.不予重视、忽视、低估、次要:downplay, overlook, ignore, neglect, underestimate,

  secondary in importance 8.赞成、支持:applaud, favor, advocate, in favor of, be side with, in agreement with, go for, vote, proponent 支持者 9.反对:oppose, protest, frown 皱眉,object to, go against, disagree with, opponent 反对者 10. 一致意见:consensus, it is universally acknowledged that…, it is generally accepted 11. 有争议得问题、热点问题、棘手得问题、关注得问题:a controversial issue, a heated topic, a burning problem, a thorny issue, a matter of concern, a subject of fierce debate 12. 归因于,源自于:ascribe to, attribute to, result from, is associated with, arise from, derive from, stem from, originate from (in), grow form, a source of 13. 因为,由于:by virtue of, in light of, due to, thanks to, owing to, because of, be responsible for 14. 导致、造成:contribute to, lead to, result in, bring about, create, give rise to, trigger, ignite, cause, generate, promote, breed, induce 15. 往往,表趋势:tend to, be prone to, be inclined to, have a tendency to 16. 可能:may, perhaps, be likely to, possibly, it is very likely that…, it is predicted that…预测 17. 发生,出现,产生:take place, occur, arise, bring about, create, cause, emerge, turn out, work out 18. 常常:often, frequently, more often than not 19. 偶尔:occasionally, sometimes, once in a while, on some occasions 20. 有…影响:exert …effects on, have an effect/ impact/ influence on 21. 不管,尽管:no matter…, regardless of, despite, in spite of 22. 塑造、培养:cultivate, develop, foster, mould, shape, build 23. 增强:promote, strengthen, enhance, intensify, magnify, amplify

 24. 接触到:expose…to, have/ get access to 25. 能给,能使,能让:give, let, make, offer, promise, bring, provide, allow, render, ensure, equip…with, furnish…with, encourage, enable sb、 to do sth、

  liberate/ free/ release sb、 from、、 26. 优点、优势:pro, merit, strength, advantage, benefit, positive 27. 缺点、弱势:con, fault, flaw, weakness, downside, drawback, disadvantage, negative 28. 如果、假设:imagine that, provided that, suppose that, on condition that 29. 破坏、损害、有害:destroy, damage, spoil, ruin, undermine, endanger, jeopardize, impair, temper, do harm to , be detrimental to, be hazardous,

 30. 阻碍,妨碍:hinder, hamper, block, keep…from, obstacle to, barrier to,

 31. 构成潜在威胁/危害:pose potential threat/ danger/ risk to 32. 有益,有助于:be beneficial/ instrumental/ helpful/ conducive/ favorable/ optimal, facilitate 33. 伴随:along with, together with, be acpanied by 34. 关于:in terms of, with regards to, as to 35. 呈现,展现,描述:show, display, illustrate, exhibit, describe, depict, demonstrate, unfold, point to the fact that… 36. 不可否认:there is no denying that…, it is an undeniable fact that… 37. 毫无疑问:it is no doubt that…, admittedly 38. 普遍,流行,受欢迎:prevalent, prevail, enjoy/ gain popularity 39. 当谈到,谈及:when it es to…,

 40. 让我/我们想到:it occurs to me/ us that… 41. 目睹、见证:The 20 th

 century witnessed/ saw that… 42. 明显,突出得(adj): conspicuous/ striking /prominent /eminent/ noticeable/remarkable/ obvious/ apparent/ evident/ significant 43. 很大地,非常地(表示程度):significantly, considerably, surprisingly, greatly, highly, hugely, largely, tremendously, enormously, overwhelmingly, remarkably, strikingly, substantially, essentially, vastly, entirely, badly,

 44. 合理得,可行得,恰当得:reasonable, rational, sensible, appropriate, proper, sound, plausible 貌似合理得, 45. 证明,证实:

 confirm, prove, justify, verify, 46. 反驳:protest, refute 47. 怀疑,质疑:doubt, doubtful, suspect, be suspicious of, skeptic, be skeptical of (这类词语还可参照我得阅读分类词汇)

 二 二 Sent ence and words 1. rich – 大部分就是复合句,有分词结构、 2. high—level – 定语从句,强调句,倒装句,虚拟语气 3. 词语可换说法,即便就是名词也可换说法。这样可使得文章得词语 rich,多变化。

 改写:大学旨在培养未来人才。

 The university aims to cultivate talents for the future、 The universi ty, as a school of higher education(作插入语来解释), aims to c ultiva te( build/ foster/ shape)

 t ale nts (elites 精英/ the minds 思想指代有头脑得人/ )

 (who are furnished with professional skills)for the future、 改写:这种犯罪行为会危害社会、、 Such (offense/ misconduct/ delinquency/ delinquent behavior/criminal behavior) (damages/ undermines/ endangers/ is detrimental to)

 social munity、

 改写:这会严重影响学习、

 It will adversely/ severely affect our academic performance、 写出画线得同义词 政府应该采取措施来解决这个问题 The government should take measures to solve the plicated problem、 The government (Our country / nation / The department concerned / The administration / The authorities) should t ake (adopt/ optimize)

 r ela ted (relevant / pertinent 相关得/ corresponding相应得 / effective / feasible / applicable/ timely)

 me asure s

 (campaign/ countermeasures / steps / actions)

 to solv e (resolve/ address/ render/ adjust/ regulate/ )

 the

 p li cate d (plex / thorny / perplexing / vexing) p roble m (issue / matter)、 4、 思维换说法 心理健康对于大学生来说很重要 Mental health is very important to college students、 让步加反说

 (While it may be true that education for knowledge and skills is the key of college education), mental health education is (should be/ can be / deserves/ requires) also ver y (greatly/ hugely/ significantly/ strikingly) im portant // (not be downplayed/ overlooked/ ignored/ underestimated/ not less important/ secondary in importance) to c ol le ge st ude e

 n nts (the young people/ those who are in pursuit of higher education)、

 让步,转折,加入插入语置中 各种技术发明使我们得时间更少了。

 (Once upon a time, technology, we thought, would make our lives easier), bu t i nst ead o f f ree ing us, , inventions eats further into our time、 5、 增加句子字数 (There is no denying fact that / It is an undeniable fact that / it is widely accepted that)

 the (only / sole / major / primary / mon)

 tas sk

 o f (university / young / our) studen ts is t o

 ac quire (fully / as abundant as possible) the (useful / professional / helpful / practical)

 kno wl edge and ski lls (that are essential to their future career)、 随着科技得发展,数字化产品得到越来越广泛得使用,例如 … With the development of technology, digital products have been using widely、 For example… 合并句子,名词替代动词,形容词或副词。

 Deve lopm ents / Ad va nceme nt / Breakthroughs/ I nnov ations i n

 tec hno ology (With the development of technology) gr ea tly

 promo te( hel p/ f fa cilita te/

 co nt rib ut e to/ give r ise

 to/ magni fy/ ampli fy/ int ens ify)

 )

 t he us e of digital pro ducts in almost all areas in our social munity, wit th (for example)

 a wide range of products (objects/ devices/ gauges)

 like cell phones, digital cameras, and teleconference facilities、 6、 以事物开头句子 互联网使我们很容易接触到全世界最新得资讯、 The Internet enables us to have easy access to the latest information worldwide、 比较:我们可以上网获取信息。

 We can use the Internet to get information、 练习:

 人们可以坐车自由出行。

 We can go out to travel freely、 比较: 汽车,在很大程度上,使人们可以自由出行. The automobile, to a great extent, promises people high level of personal mobility/ free travel、 分析范文(网络资源).批判式取长补短,学改写 How to improve student"s mental health

  1、 大学生得心理健康十分重要

  2、 因此,学校可以、、、、、、

 3、 我们自己应当、、、、、、

  Students" mental health has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life、 Indeed, it is widely accepted that it has gained growing popularity among persons in all walks of life、 There is a general discussion today about the issue of disorder in brains、

 Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent problems、 Authorities in universities play a critical role in the situation、 To begin with, schools, such as colleges or universities, can provide chances for the young men to ease their attention、 What's more, some are physically strong, but psychological problems are able to bring potential threats、 Teaches may have a chance to find them in advance、 Besides, specialists in this field are to be required to make full preparation for cases in time、 Facing the crisis, experts can deal with it in a professional way, which means they have more or better opportunities to save us than others、 (学校)

  From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions、 For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release pressure、 Certainly, there is little doubt that further attention will be paid to the issue、 北京新东方学校 王兆飞

 There is no denying the fact that mental health is of great importance to college students、 Nowadays, many students in college suffer from mental illness, which severely affects their life and study、 Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list、 Reports are often heard that some students mitted suicide or murdered their roommates、 Typical examples include the case of Ma Jiajue and that of a girl stabbing her schoolmates、

 t eb tsum serusaem evitceffe ,noitautis eht fo ssensuoires eht fo weiv nIﻫaken before things get worse、 On the one hand, due attention has to be paid by colleges to students" mental health、 First, lectures on psychological health shoul d b e f re q uent l y giv e n to s t u d e n ts t o preve n t p r o b le ms from happening、 Secondly, psychological clinics should be set up to provide troubled students with timely help、

  ht peek dluohs ew ,stneduts ot sAﻫe channel of munication open among ourselves and between us and our teachers and parents、 Besides, in case of mental illness, we should not hesitate to go to psychological counselors for help、 Only with these measures taken can we expect sound growth of college students、

 第二讲

 学写开头 两三句话开头 不要落入提纲圈套,直接翻译中文 不要 with the development of… 不要 nowadays, more and more people… 明确作文话题得类别,常见得有:

 智力教育类 科技类 环境类 文化传统类 社会经济类

 道德权利犯罪类 心理情感类 就以上常见类别准备相应词汇.写开头时以该类别为引子下定义,再转折要讨论得问题. 随着科技得发展,数字化产品得到越来越广泛得使用,例如 … With the development of technology, digital products have been using widely、 For example… 合并句子,名词替代动词,形容词或副词。

 D Dev elop ments/ Ad vanc ement / Br eak thr oug hs/ Inn ovations i n

 technolog gy (With the development of technology) greatly promote( help/

 fac ilitate/ co ont ri bute t o/ gi ve rise to/ mag nif y/

 amplify/

 i ntensi fy) th e u se of digital produ cts in almost all areas in our social munity, wi th (for example)

 a wide range of products (objects/ devices/ gauges)

 like cell phones, digital cameras, and teleconference facilities、 方法:下定义+ 转折(引出话题)+点题/小总结 第一句:主谓宾结构 n(事物/ 不用人)+ v、+ n、 第二句:However, …(反说)+ 例子(分词句/定语从句/伴随得 with+名词)

 第三句:点题/小总结 大学生得心理健康十分重要

 (教育话题)

 Education is supposed to be associated with the teaching and learning of professional knowledge and skills、 Ho we ver , mental health education should not be taken as secondary in importance for the sound development of a young man, when we read news reports on some surprisingly extreme cases of suicide, and even murder on campus、 The young learners, while mitting to study, are faced with a fragile mental health problem、 现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方得某些节日

 (文化传统话题) China boasts its long history of festival culture and harbors a significantly distinctive customs、 Less ha ppil y, young people nowadays tend to shift their focus from the traditional festivals to western ones, like Christmas and Valentine’s Day in particular, which have gained increase popularity year after year、 The preservation of Chinese traditional festivals, thus, is being a national concern、 练习:目前盗版得现象比较严重 Words to help:

 盗版:piracy (n、)

 盗版产品:pirated products 知识产权:intellectual property rights 侵犯版权:infringe sb’s copyright; copyright infringement Intellectual property rights is legally protected to the owners, but few people seems quite sure to be dedicated to the idea of buying copyright products、 This misconduct leads to a surprisingly outbreak/ explosion/ epidemic of pirated products, ranging from hi—tech devices, such as cell phone and puter software, to creative cultural products, CDs of movies and paper books and the like、 Copyright infringement thus greatly damages the order of market, making people worried、 练习:阅读经典书籍对人得成长至关重要 Classic books preserve ‘a w in do w’ into the essence of history, culture and philosophy、/ preserve ‘a platform’ for people to talk with the great

 minds of history, culture and philosophy、 Un hap pil y, most young people te nd

 t to

 we le / ha rbor a flood of information/ information explosion pouring in from every corner of the world, ra the r tha n dedicating themselves to read a book of classics in the excuse of time-stressed、 Some schools of higher education seem to have put the classics reading out of academic requirements、 或:

  让步+ 反说 (引出话题)+点题/小总结 (While it may be true that education for knowledge and skills is the key of college education), mental health education i s (should be/ can be / deserves/ requires)

 also very (greatly/ hugely/ significantly/ strikingly) important// (not be downplayed/ overlooked/ ignored/ underestimated/ not less important/ secondary in importance) to colle ge stud ent s (the young people/ those who are in pursuit of higher education)、 练习: 1. 反对安装摄像头 虽然我承认公共场合安装摄像头降低了犯罪率合保证了一方平安,我仍认为它侵犯了个人隐私、 2. 支持留学 虽然我认为出国留学会遇到很多困难,我仍然认为它会对个人得职业与生活产生深远得影响、 套词:

 admittedly , undoubtedly , unquestionably , doubtlessly , to be frank / honest / fair

 第三讲 如 何分析原因 Two factors have been instrumental in lifting the veil of misunderstanding、 · owe to, account for, be conducive to, be associated with, be responsible for, be attributed to, a (root )source of, the root of · explain , explore , unveil(揭开), analyze , discuss , probe into , identify , figure out · the contributing

 /

  causative

 /

 underlying

 factors 1) The booming economy of the last decade has contributed to a surge of traveling abroad、 2) Because of the business promotion, we are not surprised by the latest rash of western festivals、 3) Thanks to the advancement of technology, the world market finds its way into mass production、 4) Even though the present technology creates new inventions and greatly revolutionizes the mass production, paradoxically, it also breeds a pirated copy with poor quality but a petitively low price once a new product es out、 5) The desire for a travel overseas grows from the people who are better off to pursue a deeper insight into different culture and a real experience of outside world、 6) This is due partly to the fact that telephone service is superb here, while postal service is less efficient、 如何寻找原因在第四讲专讲

 列原因得常见模版,但不建议滥用 ·The first significant factor is __________

  _________is another major reason、

  And the fundamental one is ________、 ·One is that ______________

  The other is that ____________

  _____________is also blameworthy、 ·

 For one thing____________

  For another ___________

  And the leading reason is __________ ·

 One causative factor is _______

 __________is another contributing factor、

 And the most frequently stressed one is_________ · Some attribute it to________

 Others put it down to__________

 Still others owe it to___________ · be blamed for

  … 该为…负责

 Be blameworthy

 该骂得,该负责得

 Be the culprit of 罪魁祸首

 Be the root cause of

  Be the primary reason of

 根源就是 例:

 One is that________________, the other is that ___________________, ______________is also blameworthy 在原因句之后如何扩展: = =# 举例 少用 you can得语气(这就是在写 how to 类型得文章时多见,如 How to Deal with Stress)。客观得使用 people,students, consumers 等具体得指称,需要得时候用 we, our, us等人称. 让人信服得举例应该就是:

 A recent study ( conducted by …) shows that

 research

 finds

  report

 reveals

 survey

  suggests

 indicates

 demonstrates

  proves

 illustrates

 evidence

  says

 experts believe · For one

 · This trend has been found on…

 · A good/ typical example of this is…、

  · Statistics/ reports show that、、 · As an illustration

  · A case in point is …

  · A recent survey finds/shows/ reveals/ proves that 乌鸡变凤凰 · Smoking is bad for our health

 —-——--- Ample(丰富得)

 evidence shows that

 · More and more college students are unable to find a job --—--——It is reported that a growing number of students are unable to find a job、 · Five Nanning residents died of rabies last month、 ———-——The recent news reports point to a fact that · People use a lot of plastic bags every day that are not able to be degraded、 --——---A recent study has found that everyday people dispose 1 billion plastic bags worldwide that are not able to be degraded =# 总结作用、后果或预测 · It appears /seems/ proves/ turns out/ points to a fact that…\\ … is appeared/ seemed… to be … · It is very likely that…\\ … is very likely to be … · It is believed that…\\ … is believed to be…

 · It provides/ creates/ promises/ offers/ enables/ facilitates/ leads people (to)… Because of the business promotion, we are not surprised by the latest rash of western festivals、 —--——— Because of the business promotion, we are not surprised by the latest rash of western festivals、 It proves that these festivals are the great chance for shrewd businessmen to make profit、 -——-—- Because of the business promotion, we are not surprised by the latest rash of western festivals, which proves to be the great chance for shrewd businessmen to make profit、 Various products have greatly facilities our life and enhanced our standard of living、 -—----- Various products have greatly facilities our life and enhanced our standard of living、 They offer us fort, convenience and efficiency、 ------— Various products have greatly facilities our life and enhanced our standard of living, offering us fort, convenience and efficiency、 如何比较利弊 不要 good and bad, 不要 every coin has two sides 用连接副词(naturally, normally, of course, basically, generally, indeed,to some extent, 等)自然过渡 练习:

 广告随处可见 广告得好处 广告得坏处 开头:(对现存现象宏观得下定义,引出话题)

 Our impression of the modern society is likely to be that almost everyone is stuck with advertisements、 People obtain all kinds of information from the ads to shop, to eat, to travel, and even to study and work、

 好处:(观点+作用+举例)

 Naturally, ads with positive sense and enjoyable artistic creation can work for people"s life and encourage profits for business、 They info

 rm people of the new products and help consumers to choose the goods that are similar to each other before they pay、 A survey shows that 90% of people choose to buy a product based on their favorite ads, and a successful ads greatly popularizes the image of a products, creating a large amount of profit to a pany、、 坏处:(观点+作用/后果)

 However, ads bee attached to negative images, as they provide false information and lead people to buy things that do not match their quality、 To some extent, advertising adds to the price of goods、 These overused ads would cause negative response among consumers、 总结:(先让步+重申观点)

 Though some of us would like to think ourselves free from this mess world of advertisements, for better or worse, it has became an indispensible means of munication of modern life、 如何写事物造成得危害 如何写 结尾/或 或 建议 重申观点(跟开头得写法相似,也可让步+转折)

 做预测 表建议或预测得句子常用将来时与被动态、虚拟语气 或:it is desirable for sb to …/ that (虚拟语气) (第五册第二课结尾)

  would have done …may have to be amended (第五册第三课结尾)

 One way out is to/ by… If we continue to ignore ( overlook , neglect , underestimate )______, it is likely that ____(警示性) 参考:第五册第一单元 (结尾段)

 Indeed, with respect to the transmission of values and the teaching of certain subjects, a conservative approach may well be called for、 Y et the explosion of knowledge calls for close and fresh attention to the curriculum、 New and imaginative approaches will have to be developed if young people are to be prepared for the rapid changing roles they can expect to assume、 仿写并改写心理健康:

 1--—-—As to students, we should keep the channel of munication open among ourselves and between us and our teachers and parents、 Besides, in case of mental illness, we should not hesitate to go to psychological counselors

 for help、 Only with these measures taken can we expect sound growth of college students、 2-——-—From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions、 For example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these is a good way to release pressure、 Certainly, there is little doubt that further attention will be paid to the issue、 例如:(心理健康问题,学校应该怎么做,学生应该怎么做)

 丢掉for example, if you…, only by…等老套词。

 The potential risk of mental health calls for close and fresh attention to the psychological curriculum tailored to the students" needs、 Assessment approaches, counseling, if necessary, intervention, will have to be developed if the schools are to be prepared for the rapid changing roles of education they can expect to assume、 In response, one step to calming down (One way out is to…), as a young student, is to recognize the tendency of being unhappy, tense or stressed, and then learn to be less hostile (pessimistic/ depressed/ upset/ isolated/ frustrated) by changing some of the attitudes and negative thinking towards the life and people around、 It is desirable that young people would take counseling course regularly and try experience of team work, both of which are believed to be helpful to find a safety outlet of mental problem、 如何解决危害性得问题 参考第五册第六课 练习:盗版问题我们应该怎么做 蔓延,猖獗:epidemic, magnitude of identity fraud (身份盗窃得程度) 打击:clamp down on, fight a battle against, e out fighting 禁止,杜绝:ban, prohibit, curb 起诉:prosecute for 避免:avert, put an end to 危害:potential threat/ risk/ danger/ hazard 提上日程,重视:put on the agenda 减少危害:minimize risk/ crime to zero 唤起公众意识:arouse public awareness 非常需要广泛得宣传:be in desperate need of better publicity 政府应该:constitute rigid laws and regulations

  impose heavier penalty to

 exercise strict control over

 媒体: publicize ,

 expose 曝光 , enhance public awareness of …、,

 学校:

 ( If we continue to ignore ( overlook , neglect , underestimate )

 this trend, it is likely that it will be getting worse、)

 Thus, the threat posed by pirated products calls for an immediate response from the government authorities、 Laws of prosecution for piracy will have to be developed if the government is to clamp down on the epidemic of this hazard、 Generally, to arouse public awareness that the individuals e out fighting against buying or copying any pirated products would be significant to minimize the crime to zero、 口头 练习: 一次性塑料袋得危害 分析成因: due partly to, pace of life, prefer takeaway food and the use of disposable items

  little financial incentive to reduce the amount of packaging

 lack adequate facilities and effective degradable ways to dispose of plastic bags of all kinds、 提出对策:

 政府:

 bring in legislation to

 sponsor public activities to promote the public awareness of environmental protection

 constitute rigid laws and regulations

  impose heavier penalty to

 offer financial bonus to

  provide charged shopping bags

 exercise control over 媒体: publicize ,

 expose 曝光 , enhance public awareness of …、,

 学校:

 students should be encouraged to be volunteers to watch for people littering

 第四讲 讲 观点 中国考生存在得四大障碍:

 ide a

 vocabular y

 gramm ar

 s tructu ure 万能理由: 时间原则 经济原则 智力教育原则 科技原则 环境原则 文化传统原则:文化保护,文化交流,文化融合 道德权利犯罪原则 心理情感原则 一次性塑料袋得危害 分析成因:

 due partly to, pace of life, prefer takeaway food and the use of disposable items

  little financial incentive to reduce the amount of packaging

 lack adequate facilities and effective degradable ways to dispose of plastic bags of all kinds、 大学生为什么找不到工作? Firstly, 经济萧条 economic recession/slump; 扩招政策 enrollment expansion,导致供大于求 the supply exceeds the demand 其次, 期望过高 unrealistic aim 最后, 教学质量下降 declining teaching quality 电子产品对人们生活、学习、工作得影响 正反面理由:

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  正面理由 反面理由 时间原则 生活便捷 时间更少,而不就是更多 环境原则 无纸化办公,环保 电子垃圾e—waste 心理情感原则 远距离得交流成为可能 无 face-to-face交流,使得与家人与朋友得情感疏离 第五讲 信件 信件得关键在于语用。语气与用词应该就是礼貌得体,对不同得人说不同得话 plaint letter

 Inquiry letter

  Job application letter

 Apology and explanation letter Thank-you letter

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