雅思写作从6分到7.5分复习之路,写作背诵句子精华

  前言 ·出于对剑桥雅思的爱恨交加,出于对那些需要完成留学梦移民梦的人的感同身受,出于对那些在烤鸭路上屡战屡败屡战的人的精神支持,出于对那些仍在迷茫、仍在盲目背单词、仍在疯狂买参考书、仍在迷恋机经的人的劝勉与鼓励,出于对网络上面所谓出售雅思写作7分资料的虚假广告的无比痛恨,出于对某些所谓名师名校培训机构的不齿不屑,出于那些迷恋习惯背诵范文依赖别人的鸭子们的真诚忠告,出于对那些急需在 7 月 1 日之前考到雅思 4 个 7(澳洲会计毕业生,你懂的)的人的理解和帮助,出于上天对我的眷顾和怜悯,出于·········出于因为我曾经也是这么一种人,也是有这么一种经历,我决定,无偿地,毫无保留地,完整地分享我在过去三月自己总结的雅思复习计划和资料(本人曾经的弱项是写作和口语(对,是曾经,哈哈!),所以,我的资料绝大多数都是写作和口语)~~~ ·争取写一篇最全最好的雅思写作经验分享,和更多的鸭友们远离全聚德烤鸭店的火海!从4年前为了完成踏进悉尼大学的留学梦,到现在努力实现的澳大利亚梦,雅思成为了一个绕不开的情意结。其中走了特别多的弯路,摔了特别多的跤,失去了很多,也收获了很多。

 从当初的总分 6.5 而单科不低于 6 分的大学门槛到现在的 A 类 4 个 7 的独木桥,对于这个来自英国的―老熟人‖,可谓百般滋味在心头。雅思的备考也是一种―被烤‖,在烤鸭过程中,一不小心,有可能首先被这只鸭给烤焦了。焦虑,迷茫,急躁,失落,绝望,期待,紧张,亢奋,XX 失调等所有更年期综合症状都会在备考的过程中轮番上映。

 从 2010 年 12 月到 2011 年 2 月底,我一共参加了 4 次雅思考试(12 月 11 日,1 月 22 日,2 月12 日和 2 月 26 日),成绩为:

 12 月 11 日:

 听力:7.0,阅读:6.5,写作:6.0,口语:6.0 01 月 22 日:

  听力:6.5,阅读:7.0,写作:6.0,口语:7.0 02 月 12 日:

 听力:7.0,阅读:7.5,写作:6.5,口语:8.5 02 月 26 日:

 听力:7.0,阅读:7.5,写作:7.5,口语:7.0 03 月 05 日:

 听力:7.0,阅读:7.5,写作:7.0,口语:8.0 可以说,在过去的三个月里面,我感受过裸考过后无言以对的惶恐,体味过努力过后略有进步的喜悦,忍受着就差 0. 5、与目标无比接近却未能接近的失落,最后,苦尽甘来。因为这次考试,至少再一次让我确信‖天道酬勤―。NO SWEAT, NO SWEET; NO PAIN, NO GAIN。

 如果说高考是一条独木桥,那么雅思就是一个无底洞。为了填上这个洞,能用上的方法都用上了,比如说连续报5次雅思考试,下载最新的机经,把慎小嶷《十天》系列书全买了,大包围准备所有的口语和写作 topic,上培训班,找老外批改作文,去卧龙岗考试(在国内的话,我会选择贵阳,海口等考点),喝红牛穿红内裤,等等,甚至连吃奶的力都用上了,此处略去一万字。

 雅思其实一场持久战,更是一场心理战。在征服雅思的过程中,我们眼前最最最大的敌人不是雅思本身,而是我们自己。无论在复习过程中感到怎样的痛苦,还是在考试过程中经历了什么样的折磨,还是在知道成绩后受到何种的打击,我们都必须自我鼓励,必须乐观向上。

 只要站起来的次数比跌倒的多,就是成功 不淡定便蛋疼,淡定的心态是 xx ·对于目标分数为5~5.5分的朋友,你们是最幸福的,因为你们有最多的资本去犯错,最多的机会去折腾考官,有最大的可能一次通过。雅思对于你们来说是一次游戏。

  ·对于目标分数为6~6.5分的朋友,你们应该窃喜,因为你们比 5分的朋友有更多的自我优越性,又不需要承担那些只属于7分朋友的精神压力。想想,只需要 6~6.5 分,你就能踏进一所比国内任何一所大学都要牛的海外名牌大学,这是一种多么美好的憧憬和动力。

 ·对于目标分数为7分,特别是要考到4个7的朋友,你们应该感到荣幸,因为你们终于能够找到机会去为自己正名。这是一场人生竞赛的缩影。它是一个门槛,同样也是一个里程碑。

 冲过去了,雅思就变成了一种精神;跌下来了,雅思也不外乎是一朵浮云。

 ·对于目标分数为 8 分,特别是要考到 4 个 8 的朋友( 2011 年 7 月 1 日之后毕业想申请 PR 的澳洲会计毕业生),或许你会埋怨命运总在跟你开玩笑,或许你会选择放弃选择离开,但我想说的是,这同样是一场游戏,只不过跟你玩耍的对象变成了命运。不要泄气,经过这一役,能够战胜命运的人以后终究会成为强者。

 ·对于目标分数为 9 分的朋友,我突然想到一个问题,从新中国成立到现在,能够当上国家主席的人一共有7个,但是从新中国成立至今,雅思能考满分的不多于5人。这就意味着你们正在为一个比当上中华人民共和国国家主席还要难的目标发起冲击,并且将要感受一份比那7个老头还有伟大的荣誉感~~哈哈,想着就觉得美了 ·对于一战未能成功的朋友,你要相信下一次就是罗曼蒂登陆,胜利在望了 ·对于二战未能成功的朋友,证明雅思需要你三顾茅庐的诚意 ·对于三战未能成功的朋友,想想当年的红军也是靠四渡赤水才能从土匪变成解放军的·对于四战未能成功的朋友,你下一次的考试必将风调雨顺,五谷丰登 ·对于五战未能成功的朋友,想想当年诸葛亮为了完成辅汉兴刘的大业也是六出祁连山·对于六战未能成功的朋友,继续想想当年诸葛亮七擒孟获,才能收复人心,看来还是诸葛亮比较讲义气,为我们鸭友团提供了那么多励志的故事

  ·对于七战未能成功的朋友,你应该高兴,因为下一次就是八仙过海,为你各显神通了·对于八战未能成功的朋友,你下一次的考试必定有九牛二虎之力 ·对于九战未能成功的朋友,恭喜你,你成功了,你成功地颠覆了雅思考试制度,相信那些英国人也不想再折腾你了,因为你的下一站是十全十美~~ 上面说了那么多题外话,只是想和大家分享一下在征服雅思过程中的一一些心理感受。好吧,其实无论做什么事情,永远都是痛并快乐着。

 写作分享篇 17 个不能回避的 xx 写作问题 经过三个月的复习总结和 4 次的实战,我总结了 17 个关于雅思写作不能回避的核心问题。

 这17问题一直贯穿在我整个复习的过程。相信只要弄明白这 17个问题,我觉得我们离写作 7 分就无比接近了。对于那些即将参加 3 月 19 日,4 月 2 日,4月 16 日,5 月 7 日等鸭友团来说,我觉得要搞懂问题 1,2,6,7,8,13 这 6个问题最为迫切。如果能做好的话,分数一定能提高的。

 1 考官是怎么改卷子的?标准是怎样的? 2xx 写作 7 分是什么样的概念? 3 雅思写作 6 分与 7 分或者 6.5 分与 7 分的距离有多远? 4 怎么制定 xx 写作复习计划? 5 考试前需要写多少篇的大作文和小作文? 6 写作模版管用吗? 7xx 写作需要背多少个词汇? 8xx 写作需要什么样的句型? 9xx 写作需要多复杂的从句和语法?

  10 我们对 xx 写作的误区 11 鸭友们通常会犯哪些语法错误,能有效避免吗?什么样的语法错误是致命的?12 雅思写作能速成吗?平时需要多看英文报纸吗? 13 小作文重要吗?容易写吗?应该怎么复习 14 怎么安排大作文和小作文的写作顺序和时间 15 要买参考书吗?什么样的参考书? 16 参加培训班管用吗? 17 网络上面所谓的―名师‖雅思写作预测有用吗? 推荐书目 在准备雅思的过程当中,或许很多人都会像我曾经那样不惜一切代价地去买所谓的名师参考书,因为我们都会自觉不自觉地自我游说:1450 块的考试报名费都交得起了,还介意那几十块钱的参考书费吗。其实,有时候想想,我们买的书越多,证明我们越不自信;而且参考书一多,复习计划就会更乱。所以,到目前为止,我只觉得以下几本书稍微有点价值 1.xx《十天突破 xx 写作》 ·优点:

 比较系统地总结了雅思写作的方方面面,而且我最欣赏它的地方是让烤鸭的必备词汇量降到最低。

 ·缺点:

 想想当全中国 80%以上的烤鸭都人手一本的时候,它就不再是烤鸭战场上的大规模杀伤性武器了。

 2.xx《十天突破写作完整真题库》 ·优点:

  比较系统地收集和归类不同类型的雅思题目,我最欣赏它的地方是它能让考生觉得―原来 9 分作文都是不外如是‖,而且我们能很好地找出差距。

 ·缺点:

 看了这本书,你会很容易地掉进那个―大包围‖的题海战术,你会有意无意地想把所有 topics 都写了,你会有意无意地背诵别人的观点和 9 分范文。这样的复习方法是致命的。

 3.xx《最新 xx 胜策》之写作 ·优点:

 有很多很好的例句和观点,能让考生从例句中掌握单词,熟悉观点 ·缺点:

 观点太多,没有针对性,而且 topics 很少,因为这边书是 2003 年的产物。它已经远远落后雅思写作题库的更新速度 4.xx《最新 xx 胜策》之词汇 ·优点:

 对于渴望背单词的朋友,这本书足够你背了,而且那些词都是按照 topics来划分的,所以比其他垃圾词汇书又进了一步。

 ·缺点:

 我从来反对盲目背单词,更加反对那些为了使用某个单词而要自己的观点妥协的做法。单词是一把双刃剑,它既是武器,又是负担。

 注意:

 以上仅仅属于本人观点和切身感受,也并非为某作者卖广告。我觉得吧,除了上述这四本书,其他的话,可以放到微波炉里面烤一下,看看有没有烤鸭的味道~~~嘻嘻 TASK 1 小作文

  曾经一直忽视小作文,甚至认为雅思写作约等于是写一篇250字的大作文。轻视它的原因可以归结为,字数少(只要150字),不需要个人观点(纯粹描述客观figures),有固定的单词和句型,分数只占总分的··直到后来与考官见面的时候,我才意识到小作文的杀伤力。

 有时候,6.5 分到 7 分的距离,小作文起了决定性的作用。

 按照 xxxx 的分类,小作文可为:

 柱状图(bar chart),饼图(pie chart),曲线图(line graph),表格(table),地图(map)和流程图(processing chart)。当然,这只是按照这些图表的属性和特征来归类。为什么我要费那么多笔墨在这个人所共知的问题上面呢?经过我1个月的练习和研究,我发现,如果按照这样的归类,我们得总结出 6 套相对应的模版(句型和词汇)。其实这样是吃力不讨好,事倍功半的,因为这样的归类方法严重地影响了我们的复习方案和练习计划,而且并没有很好地反应出 task 1 的本质要求。

 我的个人认为,应该把柱状图,饼图,曲线图和表格看作一个总体,然后区分出是纵向比较还是横向比较(下面会继续解释它们的区别和应对方案);然后地图题是一类,流程图是另外一类。也就是说按照本人的经验,task1 小作文按照图表的本质应该分为:

 横向比较,纵向比较,地图题和流程图。

 Part 1 纵向比较和横向比较 由于雅思写作 task 1 中,柱状图,饼图,曲线图和表格占了绝大多数,所以这个板块应该作为复习的重点。每当我们拿到题目的时候,我们第一件事应该做什么?对,看图表(果然是一句废话)!!其实我的意思是,我们得首先观察它们究竟是:

 不同物体在同一时间点的比较(即横向比较),还是单一物体在不同时间点的比较(即纵向比较)。这一点非常非常非常重要!!!因为不同的比较,有着不同的内在比较关系。详细分析如下 横向比较:

  由于没有时间的变动,因此不存在物体或数据的波动,也就是说,那些描述变化趋势、描述变化特征的词汇和句型完全不适用。此时此刻,我们要 focus的是 ·首先我们要找出极值(最大值和最小值)

 ·然后客观地、略有筛选地描述剩余数据(若数据太多,则有所侧重;若数据不多,则全部描述)

 ·接着就是高潮了--找出不同数据之间的共同特征和大小比较(比如说,谁和谁一样大/小,谁是谁的几分之几,谁是谁的多少倍)

 ·高潮过后,就需要有一个意犹未尽但有心无力的总结 纵向比较:

 顾名思义,就是由于时间的推移,不同物体和数据之间发生了量的变化,也就是说,这时候关于描述变化趋势和变化特征的词汇和句型就用得上了。此时此刻,我们要 concentrate 的是 ·首先客观描述变化的大体趋势(是升高了还是降低了,是多了还是少了)

 ·然后描述变化的具体特征(是怎样增加的,是怎样减少的,幅度如何,速率如何)·接着找出变化趋势相似的不同物体,然后客观描述一下,以减少单词和词汇的重复使用,避免啰嗦 ·同样,这里也需要一个纵横全局的归纳和总结 说了那么多,估计你们也看烦看腻了。毕竟很多人都想着一蹴而就,想着尽可能多背单词多抄句型。好吧,闲话不多说,上货!请大家验明正身!!

 程度副词 多于:

 More than, just over, over

 少于:

  Less than, just under

 几乎:

 Approximately, almost, nearly

 完全:

 Exactly, precisely

 表示列举 data/information 句型 1. Overall, A has the largest number of 名词(NO1) and B the smallest (NO2). C and D both have NO3; E has NO4. Overall, Sweden has the largest number ofenrolled students

 (17) and Syria the smallest (5). France and Spain both have 12 students; Germany has 11. It is noticeable that France and Germany have similar profiles. 2.A has the most+名词+doing (NO1); B is next with NO2, while C has NO3. D and E have (相同) NO4 each Sweden has the most students studyingCAD

 (9); Spain is next with 7, while France has 6. Germany and Syria have 4 CAD students each.

 纵向比较 1.Experience/witness/see/enjoy+修饰词(最高级)+增加/减少/震荡 Experience/enjoy + a significant/the most dramatic + decrease/increase

 增加:

 increase, growth, rise 减少:

 decrease, drop 快速:

 dramatic, drastic 缓慢:

 gradual, steady, slow 大幅:

 significant, substantial 小幅:

 moderate, slight 震荡:

 considerable/marked/sharp/minor fluctuation 2.The number of···was No1 in Yr and rose/reduced by % to No2 The number of miles that car traveled was 3199 in 1985 and rose by 50% to 4806 in the subsequent years. 增加/上升:

 increase, rise, grow 急促上升:

 jump, soar to, surge to 减少/下降:

 decrease, drop, decline 急促下降:

 plummet to, plunge to 3.主语+上升/减少 to···

 or 主语+上升/减少 by

 4.The percentage/proportion/number of is 修饰词 larger/ smaller than that of

  修饰词明显:

 substantially, obviously 轻微:

 slightly, moderately 5.A 修饰词 increase/decrease occurred

 修饰词大幅:

 considerable, significant, substantial 小幅:

 moderate, slight 6.表示不变的状态:

 主语 remain constant/unchanged/stable/steady at

 表示趋势的句型 1.there is a downward/ upward/ opposite/ general/ dominant trend 下降的/上升的/相反的/总体的/主要的趋势 2.···tend to be more/less preferred

 倾向越来越受(不)受欢迎 As can be seen from the table, walk and certain short-distance transportation, such as cycled and local bus tend to be less preferred. 3.There is a considerable increase/decrease in···

 表示比较增长或减少趋势 B also rose/increased/grew during this period, but less sharply

  decreased/declined/dropped

 The sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply.Sales increased from about 13 billion dollars in 2000 to just under 20 billion dollars three years later. 表示相同相似变化趋势的句式

  A similar situation was seen in the···, where A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector, where the number of women rose from about 550 000 in 1975 to almost 800 000 two decades later. There are some similarities between A and B

  表示变化特征的词汇 表示超过的词语 Outnumber 比···多,在数量上超过 In this profession, women outnumber men by two to one. = there are twice as many women as men 在这个行业,女性人数是男性的两倍 The number of men outnumbered women by four to one.我们的人数以 4 比 1超过他们 Exceed 超过···数量 The price will not exceed $100. Overtake (在数量或重要性方面)大于,超过 Nuclear energy may overtake oil as the main fuel. 表示连续的时间段 1.over a span of··· years

 = over the period from···to··· = in the years between···and··· 2.during the same period 3.in the No. years spanning from 19xx through 19xx = from···to···within the 5 years period

  4.from then on = from this time onwards = in the subsequent years. 横向比较 1.···程度副词 doubled/trebled 三倍/quadruple 四倍/halve 减半(NO. vs NO.), while···doubled/trebled/quadrupled/halved which were 数字(年份) and 数字(年份) respectively. The figure by long distance bus more than doubled during the same period (54 miles vs. 124 miles), while the miles by taxi trebled which were 13 miles and 42 miles respectively. 2.表示―A 占总体的多少‖或―A 为 B···倍‖或―A 为 B 的···分之···" 3.···数字(A+B), of which A were···and B were··· Italy received 20 million visitors, of which 1.2 million were from the UK and 1.8 million were from the USA. 4. ···had a higher/lower total number of 名词 than any of the other+名词 France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list.表示比较的句型 1.likewise,句子.同样地,··· Likewise, the use of other, unspecified, forms of transport also increased.

 By contrast, the long distance vehicle enjoyed a significant increase over the period, spanning from 1985 to 2000, although there exists some differences.

  4.···had half/twice/triple·times as many 可数名词 as···, but/yet the number of···and···was the same.Australia had half asmany visitors asThailand (3 million vs6 million), butthe number of visitors tothose countries from the UK and the USA was the same, 0.3 million. 5.句子, while 句子. 12 million Americans visited Canada while 5.5 million visited Mexico. 6.···had a higher/lower total number of···than any of the other+名词复数 France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list.表示―%‖的词语 百分比:

 percentage, proportion, share

 高:

 High, large – highest, largest

 低:

 low, small—lowest, smallest

 表示―占%‖的词组 正向:

 负向:

 Constitute 构成 Constitute around 60% of the total/a larger percentage (around 20%) of

 Constitute the majority of the labour force.占劳动力的大多数 Occupy 占据 Dry lands occupy a third of the world’ssurface.陆地占了地球表面的三分之一 Account for

 (数量上,比例上)占

 如果大家能够熟练地掌握我上述的总结和归纳的话,相对对于以上四种图表一定能够得心应手了 Part 2 地图题 地图是最近比较流行的题目,本人连续考的4次雅思写作里面,居然有两次都是地图题(12月11日和2月26日)。不过对于应付这种题型,大家不用害怕,其实没什么大不了的。慎小嶷最近的新书《十天突破写作完整真题库》里面的DAY 1O(page 297~318),有详细的归纳。以下内容均为摘抄该书的章节。恳请大家尊重别人的知识产权,在没有得到原作者允许的情况下,请勿用于商业用途~~ 表示―A 位于‖ A is located/situated/lies··· A is just off the road to···

 A 就在通向某地的路边上 A is right at the center of··· A 就在···的正中央 表示―A 靠近或者紧挨着 B‖: A is next to/near/close to

 表示―A 在距离 B 某一面···公里处‖ A is located/situated/lies···kilometers/miles to the east/west/north/south of B

  表示―A 位于 B 内的某个部分‖ A is located/ situated/ lies in the eastern/western/northern/southern part of B

 表示―A 在 B 的某个角上‖ A lies/is located/is situated on/at the east/west/north/south/corner of B

 表示―剩下的‖部分:

 The rest of the··· 表示―道路通向/河流流向某处‖: The road runs from···to··· The river runs/ flows from···to··· 表示―沿着河流/道路‖: Along with river/road

  Alongside the river/road

 表示―A 在道路或者河流的某一侧‖ A is located/situated/lies on the north/south side of the river/ the road

 e.g. situated on the south side of the River Thames, this hotel offers its guests an ideal location in central London

 表示―A 与 B 仅一河之隔/仅一路之隔‖: A is right across from B

 表示―A 在道路或河流的南北端‖ A is located/situated/lies on the north/south end of the river/the road

 表示―A 在 B 的对面‖: A is opposite B

  表示―A 在 B 某一侧的边界上‖ A is located/situated/lies on the eastern/western/northern/southern border of B

 表示―A 在 B 某侧的边缘上‖ A is located/situated/lies on the eastern/western/northern/southern edge of B

 表示―A 朝北/朝南/面朝公园等‖ A faces north/south

 A faces towards the north/ the south

 A faces a park

 表示―斜向的方位‖: 东北 north-east

 东南 south-east

 西北 north-west

 西南 south-west

 表示建筑物的布局:

 Layout

  指一个建筑物周边的环境:

 The surroundings of a building

 表示―A 占据了某个空间‖:

 A occupies

 表示 A 由几个不同的部分组成:

 The length of A is···=A is···in length

 表示 A 的宽度是:

  The width of A is···=A is···in width

 表示 A 的面积是:

 A is···in area

 The farm is 50 kilometers in area

 The building almost doubled in floor area. 表示大约:

 approximately, roughly, about, around

 表示一块地:

 a patch of land/ a stretch of land

 表示从 A·延伸到·:

 A extended/ stretched from···to···

 The park extended from Main Street to King George Street

  表示比较,―与···所不同的是‖ Unlike A, B

 Compared with A, B

 A···while/ whereas B···

 表示可以―使用‖:

 available

 表示可以―容纳‖:

 表示理论上讲:

 in theory, theoretically, hypothetically

  表示但事实上:

 but in reality/ however, realistically/ yet in practice/ but in fact/ as a matter of fact, though

 表示在某处建造了 A:

 A was built in=was constructed in=was established in

 表示在某处又增建了 A:

 A was added to=an addition was made to···,which was A 表示改动原建筑或原场地:

 v. change/ modify/ remodel

 n. change/modification/remodeling

 表示 A 被改造成了 B:

 A was turned into/ was transformed into/ was converted into B 表示 A 被搬走或拆掉:

 A was removed/ demolished/ taken down from··· 表示 A 被 B 取代了:

 A was replaced by B/ A made way for B

 表示 A 的面积缩小:

 the size of A was reduced to only half of/ one third of the original size 表示 A 的面积扩大: A was expanded to twice its size=the size of A almost doubled 表示 A 向 XX 方向延伸:

 expand/extend northward/southward/eastward/westward

  表示 A 经历了:

 A experienced/ witnessed/saw

 起初:

 at first=initially=in the beginning=originally

 接着:

 then=next=after that=in the following stage=in the next/subsequent period=afterward 在这个阶段:

 at this point=in this phase=in this stage

 最终:

 finally=eventually=in the end

 Part 3 流程图 对于流程图,本人从来没有准备过。我觉得没必要捡了芝麻丢了西瓜。毕竟它出现的频率很低,而且几乎很难准备。有见及此,对于那些在考试当中遇到流程图的烤鸭们,我只能说:

 ―不要慌,不要怕,前面就是天堂,一路走好!!‖ TASK 2 大作文 Part 1.考官是怎么改卷子的? 知己知彼,百战百胜,所以―考官是怎么改卷子的,他以什么为标准的评分‖的尤为重要。经过朋友的介绍,我认识了 Steward,他是一位资深的写作老师和改卷老师,在悉尼大学语言中心工作(那些在悉尼的朋友,如果想找他的话,请给我留言,我有他的联系方式)。我上了他两小时的课,他帮我改了 12 篇大作文和2篇小作文。我觉得这短短的两小时,远远比上什么新东方新航道环球雅思什么保 7 班精品班重要得多。after all,很多中国雅思老师还是处于意淫阶段。

  看着他改了 12 篇文章,发现他改作文的模式非常的 mechanical,他说考官一般会在 1 小时内改六份作文(including task 1 and task2),那就是说平均 5 分钟改一篇。在这五分钟里,他就死死地盯着评分规则,从 task response, coherence and cohesion, lexical resources, grammatical range and accuracy 这四个方面评分。而且让我无比深刻的是:

 雅思是一门语言能力考试,它侧重于测试学生的语言表达能力,而不是思维能力。记住:

 核心词是语言表达!!

 Part 2.雅思写作 7 分是什么样的概念 以下是雅思写作的 7 分标准 (a). task response: · addresses allparts of the task

 · presents a clear position throughoutthe reponse

 · presents, extend and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to over-generalise and/or supporting ideas may lack focus. 用中文最简单的理解是:

 首尾都要回答问题,允许泛泛而谈。这就是说,我们没必要花太多的精力去考虑观点是否绝对严谨是否意义深刻,关键是要告诉考官你的思考逻辑。这就是剑桥雅思的魅力,它要考你的不是你的思维能力,而是你的语言表达能力。哪怕在 ridiculous 的观点,只要你能用最恰当的语言去表达,你也可以同样得 7分(当然,如果你的目标是 8 分,你就当我痴人说话吧)。还有就是说,很多题目本身包含很广泛的概念,很多大学教授用十几万字都解释不清的关系,怎么就能让我们这些门外汉用三言两语就解释好呢。说了这么多,我想说的是,如果你从一开始就习惯背诵满分作文,习惯复制别人的观点,这样的复习方法会很吃力(我不敢说是错的,那是确实低效,甚至有赌博成分),事倍功半。毕竟

  我们都是正常人,我们都有自己的思考能力和理解能力,我们说的每一个观点都是 make sense,不 make sense 的是我们没把那个观点说清楚。

 (b). coherence and cohesion · logically organisesinformation and ideas, there is clear progression throughout

 · lises a range of cohesive devicesappropriately although there may be some under-or over use · presents a clear topicwithin each paragh

 用中文最简单的意思是:

 分段分点,每点之前必须有连接词。这一点非常容易达到(我总结了大量这样的词汇,明天或者后天上传上来)。然后那个考官最为推介的范式(以argumentation 的题目为例,因为 report 类的文章更死板了):

 开头段+主体段(让步一段,支持(反对)两段)+结尾段。其实说白了,就是我们最熟悉不过的模版。也就是说,模版是非常有用的,之所以变成没用(serve no helpful purpose)是因为用模范的那个人没有用(想起粤语里面的一句歇后语,叫―太监撒尿‖)。至于怎么用模版才能变得不落于俗套,下文回答问题7 的时候会有详细分析。

 (c). lexcial resource · uses a sufficient rangeof vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision

  · may produce occasional errosin word choice, spelling and/or word formation

 用中文最简单的意思是:

  (d). Grammatical range and accuracy

 · produces frequent error-free sentences

 · has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few mistake

 用中文最简单的意思是:

  句子结构多样性和允许语法错误的存在。对于句子结构多样性,这一点,我觉得我们中国学生肯定没问题的,什么定语从句,什么名词性从句,什么状语从句,倒装句,虚拟语态,被动语态等,我们只会过犹不及。从我的个人经验来看,我有时候会把定语从句和同位语从句搞乱(并不是我们不知道有什么不同,而是一紧张就很容易忽视了)。

 说到语法错误,我可以说,我们中国学生最最最常犯的语法错误都是非常低级(请参考 part.4 内容)。

 Part 3.雅思写作 7 分所需要的词汇 (a).雅思写作必备连词--只要掌握了这些连词,就能符合到 coherence and cohesion 7 分以上的要求 以下为英语写作(雅思写作,学术论文等)必备的连词汇总。以下的内容参考了悉尼大学本科学生orientation handbook里面关于如何preparing for essays的总结,再加上本人的积累。有些连词与下面的句型汇总重合,请以句型汇总为重点。对于应该雅思写作和大学学术论文绝对绰绰有余,希望能帮助大家。

 为了更好地分享我的经验,我将以下的词语划分成三组 ·用下划线 highlight 的是适用那些总感觉雅思写作写不长、写不满 250 字、需要灌水的同学·用粗体 highlight 的是适用于那些每次都写得太长、写爆格,务实的同学 ·用斜体 highlight 的是适用于那些有强烈大词欲,渴望用大词整死考官的同学 · To signal sequence or addition

 Accordingly, actually, additionally, afterwards, again, also, and, another, as was previously stated,as well as, at the same time, besides this, consistent with this, correspondingly, equally important,finally, further, furthermore, in addition, in a like manner, in the first place, in the same way, including, initially, last, likewise, more importantly, moreover, next, originally, overall, primarily, similarly, to begin with, too, what is more.

  · To signal time

 After, afterward, as long as, at first, at last, at length, at the same time, before, concurrently, currently, during, finally, following, immediately, in the future, in the meantime, last but not least, later,meanwhile, next, once, presently, rarely, simultaneously, sometimes, subsequently, then, this time,until, until then, whenever, while. ·

  To show results

 Accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in other words, in that case, it follows that, it is evident that, otherwise, owing to, resulting from this, so it can be seen that, that being the case, therefore this implies, this suggests that, thus, under these circumstances. ·

  To introduce evidence/support/reasons

 Contradictory to this, contrarily, in support of this, it follows, this is clear because, the evidence for···is, the reasons for···are, this is supported by, to affirm this, to attest to this, to corroborate, to explain, to further confirm, to further verify, to list, to substantiate this, in substantiation. ·

  To signal repetion, summary, or conclusion

 Accordingly, all in all, all together, as a final point, as a result, as I have noted, as indicated earlier, as mentioned, as previously stated, as we have seen, briefly, by and large, consequently, finally, given these facts, hence, in brief, in conclusion, in other words, in short, in summary, to sum up, in summation, on the whole, overall, since, so, summing up, then, therefore, thus, thus we can see that, to conclude, to recapitulate, to repeat, to review. · To introduce causes or effects

 Accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, due to, for as much as, for that reason, hence, in as much as, in that, in view of, on account of, owing, since, then, therefore, thus, to narrow the focus, after all, from this perspective, from this point of view, given this context, in fact, in order to, in other words, in particular, in this

  case, in this context, indeed, particularly, put another way, specifically, that is, this is particularly true when, under certain, circumstances, up to a point, with this in mind. ·To contrast,

 ·

  To clarify

 In other words, that is, that is to say, this means that, to clarify, to elaborate, to explain, to paraphrase, to put it another way. ·

  To show purpose

 In order to, in the hope that, for the purpose, with this end, to the end that, with this objective ·

  To dismiss

 All the same, at any rate, either way, in any event, in either case, whatever happens. ·

  To signal concession

 Admittedly, albeit, although it is true that certainly, even so, granted, it may appear that, knowing this, naturally, of course, this is only the case when, while this is true, while it may seem that.·

  To signify a condition

 Granting that, in the event of, on the condition that, providing that, so long as

 ·

  To prove examples

 As an illustration, by way of example, for example, for instance, in particular, in support of this, notably, to demonstrate, to elaborate, to exemplify, to highlight, to illustrate, specifically, that is.·

  To reference

 Concerning this, considering this, with respect to, with regards to

 ·

  To emphasise

  Above all, as a matter of fact, certainly, chiefly, especially, importantly, in any case, in particular, indeed, it must be emphasised, that, mainly, mostly, notably, obviously, of course, particularly, primarily, specifically, truly, undoubtedly. (b).雅思写作必备同义词代换--只要掌握了这些连词,就能游刃有余地驾驭我们想要表达的观点,满足 lexcial resource 7 分要求 对于雅思写作,总有那么一个问题绕不开,那就是我们究竟需要积累多少个单词才能写出一篇能够完整表达我们观点的文章。有的老师说最起码要有6级的词汇量,有的老师(慎小嶷)说熟记 286 个单词就足够~~根据本人的经验,我觉得在一开始备考的时候,完全没有必要去考虑我们究竟需要多少个单词,因为在没有练笔就开始记单词的情况,我们的思路往往受我们所记过的单词的影响。在这样的惯性下,我们很可能很生硬地套用单词,而不是自然而然地抒发观点。我觉得只有在自己平时充分练笔(我自己大概写了 30 多篇雅思作文)的前提下,我们才知道我们自己究竟需要什么样的单词和词组,需要多少的同义词代换~~我的经验是:

 不要让单词成为自己的负担,最好是边写边积累,毕竟我们不是考GRE。哪怕是 GRE 词汇的巨人也可能成为雅思写作的侏儒~~关键是用词准确到位,清晰表达观点 以下是经过我30篇雅思写作练笔之后总结出来的75组必备的同义词代换,如果能熟练掌握,必定能让你们在驾驭和阐述观点的时候变得游刃有余~~其实不单单是为了雅思写作,出国留学不能避免的就是每个学期排山倒海的individual assignments 和 group works,相信以下的词汇对大家是有帮助的。

 中性动词 1.导致:

 v. cause, bring about, give rise to, lead to, generate, create, Be a contributing factor to

 2.认为:

 v. point out, argue, claim, assert, think, consider

  3.强调:

 v. emphasize, bring/call attention to, accentuate, heighten, strengthen

 4.集中:

 v. focus on, concentrate on

 5.解决:

  6.从事:

 v. carry out, conduct, perform

 7.承认:

 v. concede, admit, acknowledge, accept, allow, grant

 正向动词 1.支持:

 v. support, advocate, agree with

 2.增加:

 v. increase, grow, rise, enlarge

  n. increase, growth, rise, enlargement

 3.改善:

 v. improve, enhance, upgrade, boost

  n. improvement, enhancement, boom

 4.扩张:

 v. expand, enlarge, extend, widen, broaden

 n. expansion, enlargement, extension

 5.提高:

 v. augment, increase, develop, intensify

  n. augment, increase, development

 6.发展:

 v. develop, advance, grow, evolve, flourish

  n. development, advancement, growth, flourishing

 7.产生:

  8.获得:

 v. acquire, gain, get, obtain, attain

 9.执行:

 v. implement, execute, put into effect, perform

  n. implementation, performance

 10.实现:

  11.开始:

  12.促进:

  v. promote, further, advance, encourage, stimulate, foster

 n. promotion, advancement

 13.鼓励:

 v. stimulate, encourage, act as stimulus, motivate

 n. encouragement, incentive, motivation

 14.唤起:

 v. arouse, cause, induce, prompt, trigger, spark off

 15.需要:

 v. call for, demand, require

 16.取代:

 v. replace, take the place of, substitute for

  n. replacement, substitution for, in place of

 17.加快:

 v. accelerate, speed up, quicken

  n. Acceleration, speeding up

 18.减轻:

 v. abate, lessen, reduce, alleviate, mitigate

  n. abatement, lessening, alleviation, mitigation

 19.保护:

 v. protect, preserve, conserve

  n. protection, preservation, conservation

  20.保卫:

 v. safeguard, defend, shield

  n. safeguard, defence, shelter

 21.建立:

 v. establish, set up, found, construct

  n. establishment, foundation, construction

 22.遵守(规则,法律):

 23.允许:

 v. allow, permit, give the means to, facilitate

 负向动词 1.反对:

 v. object, raise objections, oppose

 2.减少:

 v. decrease, lower, reduce, cut down

  n. decrease, reduction, drop, decline

 3.耗尽:

 v. deplete, exhaust, use up

 n. depletion, exhaustion, using up, 4.阻碍:

 v. hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede, inhibit

  n. hindrance, obstruction, obstacle, impediment

  5.限制:

 v. limit, curb, restrict, place a limit on

  n. limit, restriction

 6.危及:

 v. endanger, imperil, jeopardize, put at risk

 7.衰败:

 v. deteriorate, degrade, degenerate, rot

  n. deterioration, degeneration

 8.恶化:

 v. exacerbate, aggravate, worsen, inflame

  n. exacerbation, aggravation, worsening

 9.加剧:

 v. intensify, escalate, sharpen, aggravate

  n. escalation, intensification, aggravation

 10.破坏:

 v. damage, destroy, ruin, devastate

  n. damage, destruction, ruin, devastation

 adj. devastating, destructive

 11.污染:

 v. pollute, contaminate

  n. pollution, contamination

  12.败坏:

 v. pervert, corrupt, deprave, lead astray, debase

 13.扭曲:

 v. distort, pervert, misrepresent, falsify, misstate, misreport

 14.削弱:

 v. weaken, undermine, impair, invalidate

 15.干涉:

 v. interfere in/with, intervene in, impinge on/upon(侵犯)

 n. interference/intervention/involvement in/with

  16.侵犯:

 v. encroach on/upon (time/rights/personal life)

 n. encroachment on/upon = imping on/upon

 17.与···相违背/相矛盾:

 run counter to = run contrary to

  Contradict (each other)= conflict with = be at odds with sth

 18.误解:

 v. misunderstand, misapprehend, misinterpret

  n. misunderstanding, misapprehension, misinterpretation

 19.逃避:

 v. escape, break out, evade, elude

 20.遭受:

  v. suffer from, be stricken with, be afflicted with

 21.违反:

 v. violate, disobey, transgress, infringe

  n. violation, infringement, contravention, breach

 22.忽视:

 v. lose sight of, ignore, neglect

 23.疏远:

  n. alienation, isolation, estrangement

 其他重要的同义词代换 1.大量的:

 enormous, massive, tremendous, considerable

 2.重要的:

 significant, substantial, crucial, important

 3.严重的:

 adj. severe, serious, acute, drastic

  adv. severely, seriously, acutely, drastically

  4.有害的:

 adj. hazardous, dangerous, harmful

 5.贫穷的:

 adj. poor, poverty-stricken, destitute, impoverished

 6.富有的:

  adj. rich, wealthy, affluent

 7.差距:

 n. gap, disparity, divergence

 8.积极的:

 beneficial, advantageous

 9.消极的:

 baneful, detrimental

 10.明显的:

 manifest, obvious, evident, apparent

 11.影响:

 impact, repercussion, effect, ramification

 12.人类:

 the human race, human being, humankind, humanity

 13.当代:

 in current society, in this day and age, in present-day society, in contemporary society

 14.传统的:

 traditional, conventional, old-fashioned

 15.健康的:

 healthy, vigorous, robust

 16.有营养的:

  nutritious, nourishing, wholesome, healthy

 常用的正向形容词 Adequate/ basic/ broad/ general/ sufficient 充分的/基本的/宽泛的/大概的/足够的

 入木三分的/深刻的/发人心省的/出色的/正确的/...

推荐访问:雅思 写作 之路